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Ocean Technologies Docs

This page is for Catalyst reviewers. Below you'll find all the docs related to our proposal: littlefish - Ocean Technologies

Docs are categorized by modules listed in the proposal. There are a total of 34 docs, 13 of it being Module 1 and 21 of which is Module 2.

Module 1: Ocenfaring Technology (Cross-Chain on Cardano)

This module looks at blockchain based technologies that enable inter-chain operations, like Milkomeda. State of technology, effectiveness of solutions, and the level of innovation are the key questions.

Research Areas: Smart contracts, products, platforms, security, privacy.

Module 2: Technology of the Ocean

This module looks at the technology, blockchain based or not. State of technology, effectiveness of solutions, and the level of innovation are the key questions.

Research Topics: Software tools that enable decentralized organizations, DAO tools, governance modules, token engineering, security, privacy.

Document

Proposal Module

Sub-Category

Cardano Wallets

Vespr

Vespr Wallet

Vespr wallet is a very convenient, easy to use and secure mobile wallet.

Availability

It is available on iOS, iPadOS and Android.

Browser extension support is coming soon.

Features

Vespr has biometrics support on iOS and iPadOS devices.
Vespr has light and dark modes.

Crypto asset values can be seen in USD.
Vespr wallet is not open-source
NFTs and Tokens can be seen on Lace wallet.

There is no address book support.
Vespr wallet supports multiple wallets.
Vespr wallet has preprod testnet supports.
Vespr wallet does not have dApp support.
Vespr wallet does not have staking support.
Vespr wallet does not support voting.

Compatibility

Hardware Wallets (Cold Wallets)

Vespr currently does not support hardware wallets

Software Wallets (Hot Wallets)

Vespr supports 12, 15, 24 word seed phrases.

Known Issues

Please let us know if you encounter any issues.
Android app will be tested in the future.

Lace

Lace Wallet

Lace Wallet is a fast, easy to use and well documented Cardano wallet.

Availability

It is available on Google Chrome as an extension.

Web Browser

Lace wallet can be expanded to a full web app from the extension.

Features

Crypto assets' value can be seen in a variety of FIAT currencies.

This wallet is not open-source.
NFTs and Tokens can be seen on Lace wallet.

There is address book support.

Lace wallet currently does not support multiple wallets.
Lace wallet has preprod and preview testnet supports.
Lace wallet has dApp support.
Lace wallet has staking support.
Lace wallet does not support voting.

Compatibility

Hardware Wallets (Cold Wallets)

Lace is supporting Ledger Nano X, Nano S and Nano S Plus.

Software Wallets (Hot Wallets)

Lace supports 12, 15, 24 word seed phrases.

Staking

You should follow below steps to stake your ADA in your wallet.

Go to Staking

Search for a Pool and choose the pool you want

Delegate your Stake

After you delegate, you can view your delegated stake pool on the Staking page.

Total balance of your wallet will be delegated to the pool of your choice. Lace wallet currently does not support unstaking your ADA but you can choose another stake pool or you can send or receive ADA.

Known Issues

Please let us know if you encounter any issues.

CardWallet

Review on : 9 March 2023

Availability

Chrome extension, Web UI, iOS and Android apps..

https://cwallet.finance/

Features

Crypto assets' value can be seen in a wide variety of FIAT currencies
Multi-chain Support Supports Cardano, ERC-20 tokens, Bitcoin and many other assets
Buy and Sell Crypto Supports Mastercard, Visa and Applepay ( transaction fees will be applied )
Non-Custodial
Liquidity Mining
This wallet is not open-source.
NFTs and Tokens are not visible on the wallet.
There is no address book support.

Short article about liquidity mining https://medium.com/cardwallet/cardwallets-liquidity-mining-launched-a-step-by-step-tutorial-ae30a4a75f88

Tokenomics

Compatibility

Hardware Wallets

No support

Software Wallets

CardWallet supports 12-15-18-24 word seed phrases

Additional Notes

The biggest feature of CardWallet is that it supports many tokens in the Ethereum and Cardano network. There are send and receive options for these assets.

CardWallet social media activity stopped in May 2022.

Eternl

Review On: 9 March 2023

Eternl

Formerly known as CCVault, Eternl is a non-custodial*, light wallet with many endpoints and countless (for now) features, which is continuosly developing. We will focus on this particular wallet in detail.

https://eternl.io/ > https://ccvault.io/ > https://linktr.ee/eternlwallet

Availability

It is available on many devices/endpoints

Web Browser

Below options are capable as DApp connector & DApp browser;

Chrome
Brave
Edge
Opera

Mobile

Mobile applications are only available as DApp browser;

Android
iOS

Features

You can import a wallet from a JSON file format and also with a "public account key" as a read-only wallet.

Eternl supports up to 24 accounts (with 24-word recovery phrases upon creation) and you can determine the number of wallets you want to create when you are creating your wallet. The account keys are generated from the root wallet key. * You can always add accounts after wallet creation, as well. However, each additional account increases the syncing time of your wallet.

Eternl promotes with having created the first Cardano DApps browser, where you can browse for many DApps from the extension interface.

Eternl has NFT support. Can be used to mint NFTs or viewing your collection.

Eternl is NOT Open-Source
Eternl allows to create an easily readable address book of recipients

Compatibility

Hardware Wallets (Cold Wallets)

Eternl can pair with Ledger Nano S and Nano X as well as Trezor Model T hardware wallets;

Software Wallets (Hot Wallets)

Eternl supports 12, 15, 24 word seed-phrases and is compatible with other Cardano wallets, even Nami if you turn on "Single Address Mode";

Staking

Since Eternl is developed by TITANstaking and AHLNET, it is encouraged to delegate your stakes in those pools. However, it is possible to stake in any pool of your choice.

Each account in your wallet (max. 24) can be delegated to different staking pools.
There is a concept "Staking Vault", that is cancelled due to low interest of ADA holders. You can read details in "FAQ" page under "Staking Vault" tab.

Voting

Eternl has an extensive page to display staking process and details. You can view the timeline of Catalyst process including related dates and even Challenges, with links to Ideascale

Additional Notes

If you somehow navigate to https://ccvault.io/, you will see below warning. In case you already had a CCVault wallet, you can migrate following the instructions

Like most of the wallets, you can change your network to "testnet". Moreover, there are other options in Eternl, listed below.

There are many options available under App Preferences you can see blow. We will focus on these on later version of this document.

There are many options available under Wallet Settings, which we will focus on next versions of this document.

Known Issues

Please let us know if you encounter any issues

When Eternl is enabled, Miro (https://miro.com/) is stuck on loading screen, disabling it from browser extension fixes this issue.

This means that they do not keep a copy of your password or your recovery seed. No one besides you, or anyone you give your password or recovery seed to, will have a copy of these. This means that only you can recover your wallet. If you lose your password and/or your recovery seed then your wallet and funds will be irrecoverable. AFTER COMPLETING THESE STEPS YOU WILL BE WHOLLY, 100% RESPONSIBLE FOR YOUR FUNDS. YOU ASSUME ALL THE RISKS.

Flint Wallet

Launched in 2021, Flint is another great option for a Cardano wallet. It has a user-friendly design that makes the whole DeFi and NFT experience smooth and pleasant.

Availability

It is available on many devices/endpoints

Web Browser

Below options are capable as DApp connector & DApp browser;

Chrome
Brave
Edge

Mobile

Mobile applications are only available as DApp browser;

Android
iOS

Features

Sending, storing, and receiving ada, NFTs, and tokens on Cardano blockchain and the Milkomeda C1 sidechain for Cardano.
Delegating to a Cardano stake pool of your choice and withdraw your rewards

Interacting with any and all Cardano dApps
Hardware support for both Trezor and Ledger hardware wallets via USB and bluetooth
Adding and manage multiple wallets in one interface
Creating multiple accounts in an individual wallets (these accounts share the same recovery phrase but are not associated with each other on the blockchain)
Opening in its own browser tab or as the more typical pop-up extension
It supports integration with major dApps, also it has dApp browser

Can be used for viewing your NFT collection.

The Flint wallet was developed by dcSpark and is open-source.
Flint Wallet has testnet support.
Flint Wallet supports Catalyst Voting.

Compatibility

Hardware Wallets ( Cold Wallets )

Flint supports Ledger nano S and Trezor model T hardware wallets.

Software Wallets ( Hot Wallets )

Flint supports 15 word seed phrase and App Passcode method on top of provided password and is fully compatible with other Cardano wallets.

Connected Apps

Compability mode allows Flint to inject itself to dApps acting like another wallet even if it is not listed on supported list.

Example integration with " Minswap "

Click Connect wallet button

Choose your desired wallet on list

Choose wallet you wish to proceed

Connected app will appear on Connected Apps page

Useful resources

GameChanger

Availability

Only available as Web-UI

Features

Multi-Asset, Multi-Output Sending Make single or bulk payments
Use and Create dAPPs Built in dAPP code editor is available on Web-UI
NFT Minting Simple NFT minting with drag and drop

Send and Receive ADA Only supports Cardano mainnet and testnet
GameChanger is not open-source.
Gamified Interface Main purpose is lowering the barrier of entry adoption
Lightweight, Non-Custodial
NFT Display is available in GameChanger
GameChanger Referral Program

Playground Playground allows developers to access a code editor to build Dapps and mint assets.
Testnet is supported by GameChanger wallet.

User can edit and write metadata of their transactions.

Compatibility

Hardware Wallets

No support. There are plans for hardware wallet feature.

Software Wallets

GameChanger Wallet supports 12-15-24-27 word seed phrases. Incompatible with Yoroi and Daedalus

3 different options are available for creating wallet

Additional Notes

As of March 2023, GameChanger Wallet is not functional because Dandelion API, which is used by GameChanger, is down. There is currently no information about the fix yet.

GameChanger community is active and planning to migrate to GameChanger V2.

These are the important warnings made by developers of GameChanger Wallet.

A detailed demo video explaining the use of GameChanger Wallet

Detailed explanation of GameChanger Wallet features

GeroWallet

Review on : 9 March 2023

GeroWallet

Availability

GeroWallet available as a browser extension, compatible with all Chrome based browsers. There is no Web-UI for now. They recently released iOS and Android apps.

Features

USD Value of ADA is visible
Multi-Wallet Support Create and Import multiple wallets (up to 8 ) with web-extension application
Send and Receive ADA Only supports Cardano, Cross-chain support will be added in the future
Send, Store and Receive NFT's and Tokens.
Buy ADA Buy ADA with credit card without need of a CeX (Centralized Exchange)
Collateral 5 ADA deposit is needed
Non-Custodial
dApp Connection Connect GeroWallet to supported web sites
Gero Token Swap ADA with $GERO token, available on SundaeSwap, Minswap and MuesliSwap.
NFT Display GeroWallet supports NFT display.

GeroWallet is not open-source

Compatibility

Hardware Wallets

GeroWallet supports Ledger and Trezor model hardware wallets.

Software Wallets

GeroWallet supports 15-24 word seed phrases and Cardano wallets.

Staking

GeroWallet allows staking, a minimum of 4 ADA is required for staking.

Video explanation on how to staking with GeroWallet

Additional Notes

GeroWallet ecosystem is managed by a token $GERO which is previously mentioned on the documentation. Users will use this token for

Staking To be eligible to receive a portion of platform fees from services, such as swaps, made available through wallet integrations.

Staking to the proper tiers to receive discounted prices for the wallet's services.

Vote with your tokens on the wallet's future direction and usage restrictions, including the fee and reward schedules.

GeroWallet is very

GeroWallet is a promising wallet in general, It is said that many features will be added in the future.

You can follow the news about GeroWallet here

Nami

Review On: 9 March 2023

Nami Wallet

Availability

It is explicitly available for below browsers as denoted in the front page of their website.

Chrome
Brave
Edge They have also noted that it is available on any other chrome-based browser. Here, no support for Firefox seems to be a weak point.

Features

To be able to test the features, we have used below faucet and changed network to "Testnet"

It can be injected to the browser context such as Metamask. Therefore, can be connected to dApps in websites.
Sends and stores multiple assets such as Tokens/Coins and NFTs
Able to mint tokens/NFTs and NFT collection display

Supports multi-signature transactions
According to their website, support for "Smart Contracts" will be added when available?
Nami wallet was developed by Berry Pool and is an Open-Source Software
Nami wallet has testnet support.

Compatibility

Hardware Wallets (Cold Wallets)

Can be connected to hardware wallets. (Trezor and Ledger)

Software Wallets (Hot Wallets)

Nami supports 15 and 24 word seed phrases. Only one seed phrase can be imported to Nami but multiple sub-accounts, independent from each other, can be created.

Since Nami creates sub-accounts from a single seed phrase, only the first adress is visible when it is imported again in any other instance or Daedalus/Yoroi. Sub-accoounts will be hidden. Because of this, there might be problems showing the correct amount of assets you own. Thus, it is not recommended to use Nami and Daedalus/Yoroi simultaneously, clearly stated in their website.

Staking

In the extension itself, the pool only option to stake is Berry Pool, which is the official pool of Nami. There is a "Delegate" button on the extension's front page (not available in Testnet) that you can use to stake your assets in Berry Pool;

After confirming on this page, you will be paying a refundable fee to be able to delegate your assets. Afterwards, you can set the amount of assets you want to stake.

Voting

Collateral

It is kind of an insurance for smart contract execution scenarios, which don't run successfully. Unlike regular transactions that are validated in phase 1, smart contracts (Plutus validators) are validated in phase 2. Here, in the event of failure of transaction, a "collateral" is taken to cover the resources used by the validator node. Therefore, there is a fixed 5 ADA collateral fee to prevent bad actors from spamming the network, poorly constructed dApps and such.

Please note that, you have to enable Collateral for each account separately in your Nami Wallet.

Most of the DeFi dApps require Collateral to be set to some value, otherwise you may get errors while swapping your tokens. Up to 10 ADA is enough for most of the dApps. Smart contracts will consume the required collateral amount and will return the remaining collateral regardless of the amount you set in Collateral settings.

Known Issues

Please let us know if you encounter any issues.

*This means that they do not keep a copy of your password or your recovery seed. No one besides you, or anyone you give your password or recovery seed to, will have a copy of these. This means that only you can recover your wallet. If you lose your password and/or your recovery seed then your wallet and funds will be irrecoverable. AFTER COMPLETING THESE STEPS YOU WILL BE WHOLLY, 100% RESPONSIBLE FOR YOUR FUNDS. YOU ASSUME ALL THE RISKS.

NuFi Wallet

Review on : 9 March 2023

Availability

NuFi is an easy-to-use wallet that can appeal to any user. In addition to its easy use, it has a very large How-to-Use database.

NuFi is available on Chrome, Brave, Opera and Edge extensions and Web-UI.

Web UI link:

Features

Multichain Support Supports Cardano and Solana ( Ethereum coming soon)
Shows the value of Crypto against other currencies in both Assets and TX view ( USD, EUR, etc...)

Staking Supports Cardano and Solana
NFT Gallery Store NFT's, send NFT's from Hot and Cold Wallets. ( Supports Cardano, Ethereum and Solana ) NFTs can be seen in gallery.

Cross-chain Trading Integrated exchange
Buy and Sell Crypto Buy crypto with credit card or bank transfer. Sell crypto and deposit into your bank.
dAPP Connector Available on extension application.
Wing Riders Decentralized Exchange Tool( Swap Request) (Liquidity Request) (Yield Farming)
Non-Custodial Wallet
NuFi Wallet is not open-source
NuFi wallet has testnet support that does not work on the web extensions.

Compatibility

Hardware Wallets

NuFi supports Ledger Nano and Trezor T model hardware wallets.

Software Wallets

NuFi supports 12-15-24 word seed phrases and it supports Solana and Cardano wallets. NuFi Wallet supports recovery of the seed phrase. If you lose your seed phrase, you can recover your seed phrase with the password you set before. Ethereum integration will be available soon.

Staking

Staking option is available for Cardano and Solana. Guides for use are available in detail on their website.

Link:

Voting

Voting mechanism is not ready for use at the moment. It will be available for use in the roadmap they specify at a later date.

Additional Notes

NuFi community is very active and seems like they are on track of their roadmap.

NuFi’s exchange feature uses Changelly to allow users to exchange between cryptocurrencies

NuFi wallet allows the use of DEX. It is reachable via Web-UI, Wingriders tab.

Video Guide for How-to-Use

Another nice video on the general features of NuFi Wallet.

There is very detailed knowledge base in the web site for FAQ and How-to-Use.

RayWallet

Review on : 9 March 2023

Availability

RayWallet supports macOS / Windows / Linux desktop application and mobile application for iOS and Android users. Browser extension will coming soon

Application installments can be performed in Web-UI

In Chrome, Safari, Brave, or Edge Browser, visit the app page and click install RayWallet on the right side of the address bar

Features

USD Value of assets can be seen
Multi Account Support Ability to generate multiple accounts from same seed phrase
Send and Receive ADA
Staking
dApp Connector Built in dApp connector, most features marked as "coming soon"
Non-Custodial Wallet
XRAY token Ray network's governance token. It will be used as payment token in their ecosystem when most features-services are released.
NFT Display RayWallet only shows native assets as a list. Name, quantity and fingerprint of the asset can be seen and every asset has a link for Cardanoscan website to inspect the asset further. No image display is available for NFTs.
Ray Wallet has testnet support.

Compatibility

Hardware Wallets

RayWallet supports Ledger Nano X/S and Trezor Model T hardware wallets

Software Wallets

RayWallet supports 12-15-24 Mnemonic phrase.

Staking

It is very simple to delegate and withdraw via RayWallet application.

Move to Staking tab in the wallet menu

List of delegable Stake Pools appears in the Pools tab

Voting

Voting is not currently supported.

Additional Notes

RayWallet is currently in a very basic stage, It supports basic send-receive and staking functions for now.

When the application is examined, the features to be added can be seen and most of them marked as "coming soon"

RayWallet Github has not received any commit for more than two years. Although Ray Network twitter account is very active on twitter, RayWallet account is not active as last post on Twitter is from July 2022.

RayWallet has It's ecosystem such as RayStake, RaySwap, RayPad but RayWallet dApp integrations is not available at this moment.

Typhon

Review On: 9 March 2023

Typhon Wallet

Typhon Wallet is a Blazing fast, feature-rich, secure, beautiful web and extension Cardano wallet.

Availability

It is available on many devices/endpoints

Web Browser

Below options are capable as DApp connector & DApp browser;

Chrome
Brave
Edge

Features

Typhon wallet supports sending, receiving, and viewing CNFTs, native tokens, and also tokens with metadata registered with registry. Tokens with with decimals are also supported in Typhon. In addition it supports sending multiple assets to multiple addresses in a single transaction and NFT collection display.

Typhon wallet supports Multi-signature transaction signing.
Typhon wallet supports Non-custodian meaning you keep your own private keys.
Typhon wallet allows users to create as many accounts as possible for storing ADA.
Typhon wallet allows users to choose multiple addresses (HD) wallets or operate with just a single address wallet.
Typhon wallet is NOT Open-Source.
Typhon wallet has address book support.

Compatibility

Hardware Wallets (Cold Wallets)

Typhon supports Ledger Nano S, X and Trezor model T hardware wallets on both web and extension version.

Software Wallets (Hot Wallets)

Typhon supports 12, 15, 24 word seed phrases and is fully compatible with other Cardano wallets including single address wallets. Also note that Byron era wallets are not supported.

Staking

You should follow below steps to stake your ADA in your wallet.

Add at least 5 ADA to your accoount

Go to Staking

Search for a Pool

Delegate your Stake

Note that your total balance in your wallet that is used, will be delegated to the pool. But you will be able to send/receive even though your total balance is staked.

You can use the button "DEREGISTER" to undelegate your staked ADA from the pool.

When you DEREGISTER, your 2 ADA deposit will be returned.

If you only want to change the pool you are staking, you can click the "Change" button, which will redirect you to pool search pop-up, which we have used in the 4th step.

Staking process links (delegation) your wallet address to the selected pool and creates a unique staking address. To be able to stake to multiple pools, you have to use different wallet addresses.

Think before you act, because every time you change your pool, register or de-register, you will be paying the transaction amount.

Voting

In order to participate in voting, first you need to delegate your ADA to a pool. 500 ADA is the minimum amount required to be able to register and participate in voting.

In above screenshot, name of the funding round is mistyped as Fund8 instead of Fund9 ^^

Known Issues

Please let us know if you encounter any issues.

Yoroi

Review On: 9 March 2023

Yoroi

Yoroi is an open-source, multi-functional, platform-rich, hierarchical deterministic (HD) and light-wallet extension and mobile app developed by Emurgo (IOG).

Availability

It is available on many devices/endpoints;

Web Browser

Below options are capable as DApp connector & DApp browser;

Chrome
Brave
Edge

Mobile

Mobile applications are only available as DApp browser;

Android
iOS

It is also available in many languages; English, Japanese, Korean, Chinese(Simplified), Chinese(Traditional), Russian, German, French, Dutch, Portuguese, Spanish, Italian, Malay, Turkish, Czech, Slovakian.

Features

Yoroi offers you below options upon launching the app after selecting your language, accepting Terms of Use and Cardano Payment URL preference;

You can create and restore wallets in either Cardano (ADA) or Ergo (ERG, which is exclusive to Yoroi wallet).
- Yoroi supports multiple wallets in both networks.
Under "Claim/Transfer" menu, it is possible to transfer ADA earnings from Byron and Shelley-era wallets, with many options depending on which era wallet you are going to use. Byron-era wallets include Legacy Daedalus wallets and Icarus/Yoroi wallets with following options respectively; 12-word, paper and master key of Daedalus wallets, 15-word and Legacy Yoroi paper wallets.

It is possible to connect to dApps with Yoroi and you can see connected apps under extension "Dapp connector" tab
Users don't need to log out of the browser extension Yoroi wallets but they do need to enter a spending password in order to send ADA out of the wallet.
Yoroi wallet does support NFT collection display
Yoroi is Open-Source software developed by Emurgo
Yoroi has a test version called Yoroi Nightly. Even though it is a test version, it operates on mainnet.
Yoroi wallet supports buying ADA.
Yoroi wallet display USD value of assets.

Compatibility

Hardware Wallets (Cold Wallets)

Yoroi can connect to Cardano hardware wallets Ledger and Trezor;

Software Wallets (Hot Wallets)

When creating a new wallet only 15-word phrase is available.
- Make sure that you write down new wallet's words in respective order since the app is going to ask them for confirmation
- There will be a "spending password" embedded to your extension/app which you will determine. Losing the password only means you won't be able to make transactions on that instance. Deleting the extension/mobile app and restoring with your 15-word recovery phrase will be able to restore your wallet(s).
Multi-signature and multi asset transaction is available.
Yoroi supports restoring wallets with 15-word and 24-word recovery phrases and also paper wallets

For importing Ergo, it supports 12-word, 15-word and 24-word recovery phrases

Staking

"Delegation List" tab in the extension offers extensive pool search ability and delegation is simple enough. It is possible to delegate to different pools with different wallets (multi-delegation).

Voting

Yoroi embraces voting. However, at the time of documentation, we were out of the voting period (and it also requres minimum 500 ADA).

Additional Notes

Security

Private keys of wallets are stored in user's device and not shared with 3rd party servers or Emurgo itself.

Enabling Cardano Payment URLs

You can enable this feature under "Settings > Blockchain";

Logs

You can download logs of your account which excludes sensitive information under "Settings > Support/Logs" with the option of including public key of your wallet in ".log" file format.

Layout

It is possible to change complexity level of the extension interface under "Settings > Level of Complexity"

Privacy

Below details are specifically denoted under Terms of Use, which is good to know

Terms of Use Yoroi will...
Never track your behavior.
Never create profiles with your information.
Never sell your data.
Never run any analytics software or 3rd party trackers. Any server log is kept for at most 2 weeks purely for server troubleshooting purposes.

Contact Us Applet

There is a ZenDesk applet inside Yoroi browser app where you can contact Yoroi team with queries;

Known Issues

Transaction stuck at submitted:

Useful resources

Github Account

DAO Tools

Cardano

Paideia

Author: Emir Olgun

Date: 19 April 2023

People at Paideia are developing a DAO management tool called Paideia. Paideia supports creating a DAO, token distribution, treasury management and much more. It is being developed for Ergo and Cardano blockchain currently. The platform is currently running on Ergo blockchain and is being developed for Cardano. We contacted the team behind Paideia and they currently cannot give a certain date for the Cardano launch but they are working on the tool. They also plan to have the same or very similar properties on Cardano blockchain as they have on Ergo. I have done the deep dive on the Paideia White Paper and the Paideia App.

What Does It Do?

Paideia is a web app designed for DAO management. It is an open-source project. Users need to connect their wallet in order to use it. Paideia supports the features below:

Governance Management

DAOs can choose the style of governance they want and create tokens and distribute them with their community.

Proposals

Members with the authority can create proposals.

Voting

Voting can be done on Paideia and and the type of voting can be chosen. The types of voting are:

Token-based quorum voting: In this system members with governance tokens can participate in the vote. The admin can choose a quorum for the vote. For example, if the quorum is set to 50%, the minimum positive votes have to be at least 50% of the all votes.
Quadratic Voting: This method uses calculation to optimize voting power. In this method number of participants have more effect than voters with power. It can be used to prevent the domination of whales.
Single Choice Voting: Voters can only allocate their entire voting power to only one choice.
Approval Voting: Voters can choose multiple choices and their each choice has equal weight.
Ranked Choice Voting: Voters can have multiple choice but they have to rank these choices. First choice has the highest weight, second and third have less.
Weighted Voting: Voters can spread their voting power across multiple choices.

Token Creation/Issuance

DAOs can mint and distribute tokens according to their preferred mechanism.(Direct sale, dutch auction, airdrops et cetera)

Tokenomics

DAOs can control the number of tokens that are distributed or withheld for specific groups, their vesting schedules and visualize them by graphs and tables.

Staking Tools

Paideia supports staking of the tokens.

Reputation System

Paideia supports building of reputation and validation information. It can also incentivize people by giving bonuses.

Treasury Management

Paideia allows proposals that include treasury staking, providing liquidity to earn LP revenue. It also allows other smart contract interactions through DAO management panel.

Paideia Platform

Paideia has a very user friendly user interface which is very informative at the same time. Platform has a Dashboard for the DAO. that page gives brief information about the DAO, Token stats, active proposals and latest activity. There are also pages for Proposals, Financials, Members, Activity, and DAO Config.

The proposals page displays all the proposals the DAO has generated with a search function that can show different categories of proposals.

Financials page shows information about the token of the DAO. A lot of different information can be found on this page like token price change and market cap. There is also graphs for tracking the price changes of the token.

Members page shows the members of the DAO as the name suggests.

Activity page shows comments, proposals, transactions and staking. This page can be very informative to catch up with the DAO.

The DAO Config page is the most important page. Here the admins of the DAO choose the voting mechanism of their choice, adjust the parameters for the voting system. The design of the DAOs page can also be manipulated here. By design, I mean colours and logo. The DAO can also be terminated in this page.

Road Map

Paideia seems to be on track on their milestones so far. For 2023, some of their plans are:

Implementation of cross-chain functionality.
Creation of side-chain and stand-alone DAO management tool outside of the Paideia website.

Discussion

Paideia has created a very useful platform for DAO management and activity. This tool has great features already and has a huge potential.Even though, Paideia is not on Cardano yet, the platform should be followed closely. As mentioned before, we contacted the team at Paideia and they plan to implement same of very similar functionality to their Cardano platform. Also they announced the work on Cardano on Twitter on March 30, 2023.

Both Cardano and Ergo smart contracts are written in functional programming languages. These kind of languages are quite difficult and not widespread. I believe tools like Paideia are of utmost importance for the popularity of blockchains increase of the number of DAOs. There are projects like Clarity Protocol and Summon Platform on Cardano for the DAO governing and management problem and more projects will definitely bring down the entry barrier for new DAOs.

Additional Links

Crystal

Author: Emir Olgun

Date: 18 April 2023

Decision making in DAOs are quite difficult in general because unlike traditional organizations, DAOs make their decisions with their community. DAOs distribute special tokens to the community for the voting process and only members with these tokens are allowed to vote. Number of owned tokens also have effect on the voting, people with more than a specific amount of these tokens can also make proposals. The number of tokens needed to make proposals and the weight of the tokens during voting are determined by the DAO itself. Almost every DAO struggle with decision making as it can be time consuming, expensive. Development of smart contracts, that are rather difficult to create, and a front-end for their community to participate in the governance process is needed. Crystal is a DAO tool developed by Clear Contracts and Clarity community. Clarity community is also the power behind Clarity Protocol. Crystal makes the process of voting easy and customizable enough. This document will dive deep into this app and try to answer how it works, what it does, what the roadmap for this tool is, and how DAOs can benefit using this tool.

What Does It Do?

There are ways to set up DAOs. Difficult to set up but easy to use way is to write the specific smart contracts and to set up the platform that is connected to those smart contracts. This way is easy to use for members but very difficult to set up and require people with different set of technical skills. This way can be advantageous because DAOs can be in full control of their system.

Crystal allows communities to conduct off-chain voting. This off-chain voting system can utilize governance tokens just like on-chain voting. DAOs can customize the powers these tokens have. For example, people with more than 100 tokens can be admins. Communities can start their governance process very easily by setting up their DAO in Crystal platform.

Off-chain voting is done on the Crystal platform and the variables of deadlines, proposals and voting can be set up easily.

How Does It Work?

Crystal uses on-chain data to conduct off-chain voting. Voting is done based on one or more governance tokens. The Policy IDs of the governance tokens are kept in Crystal and governance token information is fetched from the wallet connected to the platform and used to calculate the weight of the vote, and ability to make proposals. Admins can also decide if they want to reward the community for participating in the voting process. The off-chain voting has two main steps, proposal, submission and voting.

Proposal: Proposal creation can only be done by the admins of the DAO. The platform distinguishes admins from the other members by the amount of governance tokens. Proposals are usually a statement of a problem. After proposal is created, the submission period begins right away.

Submission: Members of the DAO submit possible solutions to the problem stated in the proposal during the submission period. The creator of the proposal decides who can submit during the proposal creation step. Either all members can submit or only admins can. The submission period lasts for the time specified by the creator of the proposal. This date is specified during the proposal creation. After the submission period ends, the voting period begins. During this step, the proposal will show Accepting-Submissions" status.

Voting: After the submission, the voting period begins where all members of the DAO can cast and retract votes on the submissions. This period also has a time limit specified by the creator of the proposal during the proposal step. During this period, the proposal will show Voting status.

After the voting deadline, no more votes will be counted and the result will be final.

A member is required to connect their wallet to Crystal platform in order to participate in the voting process. This is essential because the governance token information is required in the voting process.

Pros and Cons

Cardano is famous for being a quite difficult platform for development. Setting up a platform is already challenging task and having a blockchain integration especially Cardano blockchain integration is even more challenging because of Plutus programming language. Crystal offers a solution for this problem but I don't believe Crystal is the optimal solution for the governing problem but it is definitely a very useful tool. Tools like Crystal brings down the entry barrier to Cardano very significantly.

Pros

Off-chain voting is free. On the other hand on-chain voting requires transactions and these transactions have fees.
Brings down the entry barrier for new DAOs significantly.
DAOs can start to function in a short time.

Cons

This platform is not decentralized entirely because of the off-chain voting.
DAOs do not have the full control of their governing system.
Crystal does not have testnet support. People who want to test it out need mainnet tokens but Clarity Community is a very helpful community and will probably help.

Conclusion

Crystal is one of the much needed tools in the Cardano ecosystem. It brings down the entry barrier for people with ideas but no technical backgrounds. Even though I believe Crystal is good for new organizations on blockchain, these organizations should eventually migrate to their own governance system as their community grow. Crystal is being developed by the Clarity Community continuously and it should be followed closely.

Additional Links

Clarity Protocol

Author: Emir Olgun

Date: 18 February 2023

Introduction

Clarity community is working on a protocol called Clarity Protocol that aims to ease the process of building DAOs by providing the infrastructure of Smart Contracts and Tokens. The infrastructure is based on a protocol called Agora Protocol. We will see what Clarity Protocol does, how it works and why would it be beneficial for new DAOs. We will also dive deep into the concepts of Smart Contracts, DAO governing, DAOs and Tokens in order to understand Clarity more in this report.

Deep Dive

DAO

DAO stands for Decentralized Autonomous Organization. It is an organization that is governed by a set of rules encoded as computer programs on a blockchain. DAOs are designed to be decentralized, meaning that no single person or entity controls the organization. Instead, decisions are made by consensus among the members of the DAO, who typically hold tokens or shares in the organization.

DAOs operate using smart contracts. These smart contracts automate many of the processes and decision-making functions of the DAO, including voting, budgeting, and allocation of resources.

Smart Contract

A smart contract is, in the most basic terms, an executable program running on the blockchain. This program is a contract that checks for certain conditions, which are pre-determined, to execute a transaction. The importance of smart contracts is they provide trust between opposite parties of the transaction as the conditions of the contract can be seen by anyone and these conditions are not alterable. If the conditions of the smart contract cannot be met, the funds locked in the smart contract can never be accessed by anyone, it is absolutely impossible. For example, locking a DAO’s treasury in a smart contract, which only allows withdrawal when a number of people sign the contract, can provide a very high level of security and prevent a member with a high level of governance power to spend the money on things which the community does not agree on.

Tokens

In most Blockchains, there are two types of assets; native asset and the assets that are created by third parties to run on the blockchain. In Cardano, the native asset is ADA. The other tokens can be minted by users and used as a means of exchange or can have much more properties than the native assets. Some of these properties are, DAO governance, a password like ticket for accessing certain Smart Contracts, Websites or DAOs. NFTs are also a specific form of a token.

DAO Governance

How to govern? This question is as old as humankind. Almost all systems we created are based on delegation. Because we cannot participate all the time and the decision-making process can be very long, we chose to give the power of governing to a smaller number of people. With the help of Blockchain technology, we can now participate in the decision-making process easily. We can create proposals, vote on proposals and execute successful proposals as members of a decentralized community. Blockchain technology also provides transparency for our communities. The treasury of the DAOs can be visible to anyone and the control of it does not have to lie with a single member.

Clarity Protocol

Features

Clarity Protocol provides very useful services which are;

Smart Contracts for managing DAO treasury.
Smart Contracts for voting for proposals.
Governance Tokens for the DAOs.

In the future more features are expected and some of them are explained in the #future-plans.

What does it do?

Clarity protocol is a library that provides the smart contracts and Tokenomics for governing DAOs. In a DAO every member has a right to vote on proposals. This voting system is similar to the weighted voting system where every individual has different voting power. Clarity Protocol uses tokens for this system. In this protocol, members with sufficient tokens can also create proposals for other members to discuss and vote on.

How does it work?

Every member’s voting power is determined by how many governing tokens they have in their wallet. A user deposits their governance tokens into stakes, which allows them to create and vote on proposals. Staked amount determines the voting weight. Those proposals can be the management of the DAO’s treasury, changing on-chain parameters of the DAO or minting tokens or NFTs. Any proposal on vote has a default state of fail unless certain conditions are met. These conditions are usually a level of approval votes, so it does not work like our traditional voting systems where the majority of the vote decides what happens. For example, if the approval level requirement is 2 million tokens, the proposal will fail if the majority voted positive and the tokens marked with approval are less than the barrier.

How would a new DAO benefit?

Forming a DAO for non-technical people can be quite challenging and open to fraud. A service for setting up the infrastructure of a new DAO can be extremely useful and more importantly bring down the barriers of entry to the blockchain ecosystem significantly. With services like Clarity Protocol, new DAOs can create their own governing tokens, other tokens and NFTs. Set up their governing system and treasury management protocols quite easily.

Tokenomics

Clarity community is planning to have the Clarity token as the governing token for the Clarity ecosystem. The total supply will be 2,000,000,000 with a 6-decimal precision.

20% Team:

The team is the founding members which include core groups of founders, developers and contributors of the Clarity Protocol. The team is on a 2-year linear vesting period.

5% Advisors:

The advisors are the industry professionals who provide value to the DAO either through networks, research or specialized knowledge.

20% DAO Treasury:

This treasury can only be spent with the approval of the DAO through and on-chain vote. This treasury pays out rewards to Clarity DAO members for participating in governance or opting in the DAOs incentive structure.

3% Airdrops:

Tokens allocated for community airdrops.

7% Yield Farming:

Tokens allocated for incentivizing liquidity.

10% Ecosystem Partnership:

Tokens allocated to create relationships, support other organizations and projects and fund educational initiatives.

35% Future Development and Investors:

Tokens allocated for funding the future development of the ecosystem such as developer support, marketing, fundraising and administration.

Future Plans

Clarity Smart Contract Marketplace

Most DAOs have different needs and the generic smart contracts for DAO governing might not provide their needs correctly. Users or organizations will be able to write their own proposal features as the Plutus language allows and put them in the marketplace for other DAOs to browse and use. The usage of other smart contract features will be rewarded on the marketplace.

Voting Rewards

DAOs will be able to implement a system where members of the community will be rewarded when they take part in voting on proposals and participating in DAO activities. The reward amount and denomination would be set by the DAOs themselves or Clarity. The rewards may be provided by the DAO itself or by Clarity for participation in a Clarity-powered DAO.

Sub DAO/Woking Group Formation and Destruction

Creating sub-working groups for specific tasks in DAOs can be quite efficient and effective. Rapid organizational change allows the organization to easily adapt the needs. The sub-working groups will be able to have their own funds or can be funded by their DAOs. When the sub-group is no longer needed, the group can be disassembled and the remaining funds can be allocated to another part of the DAO.

Identity-Based Voting

Currently, Clarity protocol determines a user's vote weight by the amount of governance tokens staked, further plans include calculating voting power using different mechanisms. One example is a reputation mechanism.

Conclusion

Clarity Community is addressing a very important problem of the blockchain ecosystem. Non-technical people have a hard time entering the ecosystem and this problem blocks the ecosystem to achieve its potential. A service to set up the infrastructure of a DAO would bring those barriers down and enlarge the blockchain ecosystem significantly. One problem that comes to one’s mind is, how would a non-technical DAO could trust the smart contracts that are on the Clarity marketplace to do what they want or not have a backdoor for certain individuals to access DAOs finances or decision-making mechanisms. The Smart Contracts should have auditing mechanisms by other organizations and the non-technical DAOs might need a technical advisor for vetting the contracts they use.

Additional Links

Relevant Links:

Disclaimer: The content is for informational purposes only, may include the author’s personal opinion, and does not necessarily reflect the opinion of littlefish Foundation. Most of the information covered in this article was obtained from Clarity Community Whitepaper and was analyzed independently.

Summon Platform

What is Summon Platform ?

Summon Platform originates from the ADAO Community which is a Cardano DAO focused on open-source software development. Summon Platform aims to help Cardano communities on building their own on-chain DAOs. This service is particularly beneficial for communities that do not have experienced web3 developers, as it provides them with the necessary tools and resources to create and manage a DAO.

What is a DAO ?

A DAO, or Decentralized Autonomous Organization, is a type of organization that operates on a blockchain and is run through a set of predetermined rules that are encoded into smart contracts. DAOs are decentralized, meaning they are not controlled by any single individual or entity, but rather operate based on the collective decision-making of their members.

Generally, DAOs are used for managing a community, making decisions about the distribution of funds or resources, or voting on proposals. One of the fundamental principles of Decentralized Autonomous Organizations (DAOs) is the idea that "code is law", meaning that the rules and functions of the organization are encoded into its underlying code and enforced automatically through the execution of smart contracts on the blockchain. They are designed to be transparent and efficient and this allows for greater accountability and transparency, as all actions and decisions can be easily traced, audited and accessed by anyone.

One of the key considerations when a community decides to create a Decentralized Autonomous Organization (DAO) is to clearly define the purpose and rules for the organization. This includes determining the specific functions and goals of the DAO, as well as how it will be governed and how decisions will be made. The next step is to write the code for these rules and functions in a smart contract and deploy it to the blockchain. This will allow the DAO to exist and function on the blockchain, and will ensure that the rules and operations of the organization are transparent and open to inspection.

Smart Contracts

As mentioned previously, smart contracts are a digital representation of the rules and conditions that will govern the DAO. These contracts are written in code and stored on the blockchain, allowing for the automatic execution of the agreed upon terms. It's important to note that writing the code for smart contracts can be a complex and technical process. It requires a strong understanding of programming languages such as Plutus, as well as other specific requirements and constraints put in place by the Cardano blockchain.

When a DAO smart contract is deployed to the blockchain, it will continue to execute according to the rules and functions that are encoded into. However, it is possible that the DAO may need to be updated or modified over time in order to address changing circumstances or address unforeseen issues. This could involve updating the smart contract code in order to add new features or modify existing ones.

Updating a DAO smart contract can be a complex process, as it will require modifying the underlying code and deploying the updated version to the blockchain. This typically requires the support and approval of the DAO community.

In order to effectively create and maintain a Decentralized Autonomous Organization (DAO), a community will likely need the ongoing support of experienced developers who are proficient in Plutus programming language and familiar with the Cardano blockchain platform.

Features of Summon Platform

The Summon Platform MVP offers a range of services for creating and managing a Decentralized Autonomous Organization (DAO), including the generation of tokens, the ability to stake tokens using smart contracts, the management of proposals, and the execution of transactions. It also includes an advanced Native script multi-signature wallet for securely storing and managing tokens. Lets analyze this 5 services one by one:

Token generation: A DAO may use tokens as a means of representing ownership or membership in the organization, and may issue tokens to members or stakeholders as a way of incentivizing participation and aligning incentives. Token generation refers to the process of creating and issuing these tokens.
Smart contract token staking: Token staking refers to the process of holding tokens in a smart contract as a way of demonstrating commitment to the organization and aligning incentives. A DAO may use smart contract token staking as a way of ensuring that members are committed to the success of the organization and have skin in the game.
Proposal management: Proposal management refers to the process of creating, reviewing, and voting on proposals within a DAO. This can be used to make decisions about the direction and operations of the organization.
Transaction execution: Transaction execution refers to the process of executing and recording transactions within a DAO. This can include transferring tokens, updating the smart contract code, or taking other actions as required by the rules of the organization.
Advanced Native script multi-signature wallet: A multi-signature wallet is a type of digital wallet that requires multiple parties to sign off on a transaction before it can be executed. An advanced Native script multi-signature wallet is a particularly secure and flexible type of multi-signature wallet that can be used to store and manage tokens within a DAO.

Overall, the Summon Platform offers a comprehensive suite of tools and resources that enable communities to create and operate a DAO effectively. With these services, communities can create and manage a DAO in a decentralized and automated way, allowing them to effectively coordinate and direct their activities.

-D.

Voteaire

Author: Donald

Date: 19 Apr 2023

Voteaire Protocol

Democratizing Governance Through Blockchain: Introducing Voteaire

Democratizing governance through blockchain technology has become an exciting endeavor, championing the principles of decentralization and transparency. Enter Voteaire, a user-friendly platform designed to facilitate the creation and operation of on-chain voting systems within the Cardano ecosystem. As an embodiment of these principles, it is transforming traditional governance models, highlighting transparency, decentralization, and accessibility for all, while eliminating the need for central authorities.

Decentralization and Transparency

By employing blockchain's decentralization feature, Voteaire helps protect the voting process against undue influence or manipulation, distributing decision-making power across a vast network of participants. Moreover, the platform ensures accountability and openness by permanently recording all transactions, including proposals and votes, on the blockchain. Every piece of information, including data specifications, are openly accessible in a public, open-source repository for verification purposes.

Redefining On-Chain Voting

Voteaire redefines on-chain voting, leveraging the immutable nature of blockchain technology. Based on the initial concept introduced by SPOCRA for their board of directors' vote, it operates by extending this fundamental principle. The platform employs transaction metadata to permanently store ballot proposals and votes on-chain, with the 'metadata key 1916' as an homage to the year Canadian women first gained suffrage. Anyone with the necessary technical proficiency can probe the blockchain directly to validate the voting results, ensuring transparency and immutability.

User-Friendliness and Accessibility

In terms of accessibility, Voteaire stands out by prioritizing user-friendliness, enabling even non-technical users to create and participate in proposals effortlessly. By connecting their wallets and submitting a transaction, users can actively engage in community decision-making processes. Voteaire supports three different wallet types: GeroWallet, Eternl, or Nami, with a minimum of 1 ADA to cover transaction fees.

Voting Process

For voting, the process starts with the user signing in to Voteaire using a compatible wallet. After signing in, the user views the list of submitted ballots, selects a ballot, reads its description, and chooses their preferred option before submitting their vote. Note that users can only vote for ballots marked as "ACTIVE."

Voteaire offers three types of ballots — SIMPLE, DELEGATED, and POLICYID — each with slightly different voting procedures and weightings. In a SIMPLE ballot, the vote's weight depends on the amount of ADA in the user's wallet at the time of the snapshot. A DELEGATED ballot requires delegation to a specified pool for the vote to count, with the vote's weight depending on the size of the user's delegation to the pool. In a POLICYID ballot, the vote's weight is determined by the number of tokens associated with a specific POLICYID in the user's wallet at the snapshot.

Security Measures

The platform addresses the so-called "Franken-Address Vulnerability," which could allow a malicious user to manipulate voting results. By requiring votes to be attached to a delegation transaction rather than a standard payment transaction, it ensures that voters cannot misrepresent the amount of funds they control, adding another layer of security to the process.

Voting Periods and Conditions

Voteaire employs Cardano epochs to define voting periods, providing flexibility to voters. It uses snapshot dates in the Cardano blockchain ledger to weight the votes for SIMPLE and DELEGATED ballots. For POLICYID ballots, snapshots are directly taken by the platform itself.

Moreover, Voteaire has established essential conditions to ensure vote validity and maintain user delegation status and rewards integrity. It only recognizes the first vote if a user attempts to cast multiple ones, and it requires votes to be part of a delegation transaction. Also, when a vote is cast, Voteaire re-delegates to the same pool the user is currently affiliated with, avoiding any negative impacts on delegation status or rewards.

Conclusion

In conclusion, Voteaire is leading the blockchain-powered shift toward more democratic governance models. By utilizing blockchain's transparency and immutability, it offers an innovative platform for voting, emphasizing the significance of each vote while ensuring users maintain control over their delegation status and rewards. As the platform evolves, it promises to become an indispensable tool for those aiming to shape a more equitable future through the power of blockchain technology.

Additional information

Relevant Links:

Agora Protocol

Author: Emir Olgun

Date: 19 February 2023

Introduction

DAO governing is a very important and challenging task for any DAO, especially for DAOs of non-technical communities. There are many projects and organizations that aim to ease the process of establishing organizations on the blockchain. protocol is a library of smart contracts that aims to provide an easy and functional DAO government. Unlike other documents we created that inspect DAO governing organizations and projects, Agora is not a DAO, it does not have tokenomics or a token. Agora is just a library for governance. We will examine what Agora does and how Agora works. Also, we will have a deep dive into staking. You can check and as they can be informative for understanding this document.

Staking

Staking is a process in blockchain networks where users hold a certain amount of cryptocurrency or tokens in a specialized wallet, known as a staking wallet. Staking one's assets serves as an incentive to ensure that one has a stake in the proposal one votes on for the context of governing or for more general cases, one has a stake in the network's proper functioning. Staking also helps to prevent malicious actors from attacking the network, as their staked assets would be at risk of being forfeited if they engage in nefarious activities.

Agora

What does Agora do?

Agora library is created to be a one-size-fits-all governance library for projects on the Cardano blockchain. It aims to be a modular and flexible library. The library includes the smart contracts for the management of a treasury containing ADA and other assets like Tokens and NFTs, changing on-chain parameters for the DAO and the minting process of particular tokens. These traits are arbitrary and can be added to the system at any point. This is very important because proposals can adapt to any change. When a proposal is created, it must clearly define what its effects will be if passed and members are incentivized to read about the proposal before they vote. Those proposals are time-sensitive and start with a review phase. Members can read and make their decision in this phase. After the review phase, members vote on the proposals with their governance tokens.

How Does Agora Work?

In Agora, proposal voting system works with stake pols and voting tallies. When a user votes with their stakes, the stake is added to the stake pool and voting tally is updated accordingly. In Agora, governance starts with stakes. Members deposit their governance tokens into a stake. Every member's stake creates the staking pool. Members, at any time, can withdraw from their stake. This staking pool provides the ability to manage the relationship between voting weight and the governance tokens. All members are free to withdraw their stake before the voting process. Voting is done by transactions. These transactions lock the voters' stakes and tag them with the proposal they voted on. The transactions also add the voters' contribution to the vote tally so there is a mutual locking mechanism. This mechanism prevents double voting using stakes without creating unnecessary locks on stakes. If a voter decides to withdraw their staked tokens, they have to retract their vote before the withdrawal so the vote tally always represents the sum of all actively locked tokens behind a specific vote. Members can also vote on multiple proposals because the lock only prevents withdrawing and depositing governance tokens.

When the voting closes, the final vote tally becomes frozen and the proposal encodes several possible outcomes. All proposals have one common negative outcome which is no action. The proposals can have, depending on the DAOs rules, a quorum for the votes and if any of the actions do not reach the quorum, the proposal fails. If any of the actions of the vote reaches quorum, the action that is encoded for the majority vote has to be taken.

When an action that is not no action comes out of the vote, the effect comes in. The proposal encodes a list of effects that must take place. Unlike the traditional systems where an elevated actor implements the effects, any member is able to implement the effects of the proposal. In practice, this actor is most likely going to be someone deeply involved with the particular DAO but technically any member can do it. The executive power for the specific action is temporarily extended to the actor who wishes to implement the changes but there are also checks in place that guarantee the change is done correctly.

Possible Drawbacks of On-Chain Governance

There are possible drawbacks of on-chain governance that may result in low participation in projects.

Very few things live on-chain. Implementing effects properly which are off-chain cannot be guaranteed. As not all decisions have on-chain effect, most decisions are to be made in the spot.
On-chain governance is by nature public and visible which is a good thing mostly but this can also lead to coercion, intimidation and bribing to achieve a desired outcome.
Exploitation of DeFi protocols can also cause being able to vote without having a stake.
Participation can be limited due to the low incentives involved. Transaction costs can lead to voters with low amount of governance tokens not participating due to their low influence and the voters with higher amounts of governance token are incentivized to vote.

Conclusion

Agora aims to solve an important blocker for most people which is setting up the infrastructure of the on-chain organizations. The Agora Library can be very useful for new and existing DAOs and can be used by other projects for more detailed and tailored governing infrastructures.

Additional Links

Relevant Links:

Disclaimer: The content is for informational purposes only, may include the author’s personal opinion, and does not necessarily reflect the opinion of littlefish Foundation. Most of the information covered in this article was obtained from several links above mentioned and was analyzed independently.

TosiDrop

Author: Emir Olgun

Date: 19 April 2023

Token distribution is an important task for DAOs. It can be a time consuming task to distribute to all members safely. TosiDrop is a token distribution platform developed for Cardano and Ergo blockchains. They offer a service for communities to distribute tokens to their members in a secure manner. They also have their own tokens called cTOSI and eTOSI. cTOSI runs on Cardano and eTOSI runs on Ergo. The

What Does It Do?

On Cardano, TosiDrop offers two ways to distribute tokens. Airdrop and Vending Machine style. On Ergo blockchain, only airdropping method is available.

TosiDrop platform also has stake pools. Users can delegate to support them and pay no fee on claims.

Airdrop: TosiDrop offers a service of airdropping tokens to the community members through uploading a list of addresses via a CSV file.
Vending Machine: On this method, members of a community sends ADA to an address and receives tokens in return.

Tokenomics

There are two billon tokens. One million of them is cTOSI on Cardano and one million is eTOSI on Ergo. These tokens are used for governance and revenue sharing. 10% percent of the tokens are allocated to the core team and 30% are being distributed to NETA/cNETA community. 60% are being distributed to the public.

Revenue Model

TosiDrop charges communities a fee for using TosiDrop services. These fees generate revenue in the form of ADA and ERG and will be enjoyed by holders of the TOSI tokens.

How to Use TosiDrop as a DAO

Currently the TosiDrop platform does not support adding your project to their platform. Only way to use it to distribute tokens as a DAO is to contact the developers of TosiDrop. They will have a different method in the future.

Discussion

Token distribution is a very important thing for DAOs. They can generate funds for their projects via these tokens. TosiDrop is a platform to make this task easy and safe. Token distribution is one of the services needed by DAOs and there are platforms on Cardano that aim to solve more of those problems. I believe those tools can be much more helpful for DAOs.

Additional Links

Author: Emir Olgun

Date: 19 April 2023

What Does It Do?

On Cardano, TosiDrop offers two ways to distribute tokens. Airdrop and Vending Machine style. On Ergo blockchain, only airdropping method is available.TosiDrop platform also has stake pools. Users can delegate to support them and pay no fee on claims.

Airdrop: TosiDrop offers a service of airdropping tokens to the community members through uploading a list of addresses via a CSV file.
Vending Machine: On this method, members of a community sends ADA to an address and receives tokens in return.

Tokenomics

Revenue Model

TosiDrop charges communities a fee for using TosiDrop services. These fees generate revenue in the form of ADA and ERG and will be enjoyed by holders of the TOSI tokens.

How to Use TosiDrop as a DAO

Discussion

Additional Links

DripDropz

Author: Donald

Date: 19 Apr 2023

DripDropz: Democratizing Token Distribution on the Cardano Ecosystem

A new player has entered the Cardano ecosystem, aiming to revolutionize token distribution for blockchain projects. Introducing DripDropz, an intuitive platform that offers token dispensing services to projects of all sizes within the Cardano community. The platform welcomes delegates to reap the rewards by providing the ability to withdraw a variety of tokens while remaining delegated to a community pool.

DripDropz Tokenomics and the $DRIP Token

DripDropz has introduced a native utility token, $DRIP, with a maximum supply of 45 billion tokens. These tokens are allocated exclusively for users of the platform, distributed through DripDropz at a flat rate. Each delegate will receive 1,000 $DRIP tokens per epoch, with the possibility of tokens rolling over when the Hydra back payment feature is implemented.

To receive $DRIP tokens, delegates must have a minimum of 10 ADA staked to any stake pool. There is no maximum ADA limit for user wallets. Wallet splitting is allowed and encouraged to a degree, as long as users continue to delegate to community pools.

How to Withdraw Tokens on DripDropz

To withdraw tokens on DripDropz, users should follow these steps:

Visit the DripDropz site and enter your wallet receive/stake address in the search bar.
Select up to 10 tokens for withdrawal based on your wallet's ADA amount and delegated pool.
Confirm your selection and pay the required fee to complete the withdrawal.

The withdrawal process repeats every epoch, allowing users to maximize their token rewards.

Cost and Service Fee Breakdown

DripDropz applies a small fee for each withdrawal, which serves as the platform's sole revenue source. The fee structure depends on the number of tokens withdrawn and covers Cardano transaction fees, Phyrhose processing fees, and DripDropz service fees.

Referral System: Earn $DRIP by Inviting Friends

DripDropz offers a referral system that rewards both the referrer and the referred user with 1,000 $DRIP tokens. To participate in the referral program, users must create an account on DripDropz, which will grant access to the referral page where they can input their referral payout address.

In conclusion, DripDropz presents an innovative approach to token distribution in the Cardano ecosystem, benefiting both blockchain projects and community members. By simplifying the process of token withdrawals and providing incentives for users to engage with the platform, DripDropz is set to make a significant impact on the Cardano landscape.

A Comprehensive Description of the Platform

In the world of digital currency, the DripDropz platform stands as a noteworthy innovation. This platform is beneficial to various stakeholders in the Cardano blockchain, particularly the delegates. All delegates, irrespective of their pool, are entitled to receive a variety of tokens or a "grab bag". This is an incentive to delegates to stay in community pools while still receiving highly sought-after tokens.

Community pools also benefit from the DripDropz platform. Usually, token distribution is limited to a pool's delegates. However, DripDropz allows for retention or addition of delegation to a pool by extending the distribution beyond the pool itself. As a result, pools hosting token drops can reward their delegates with additional token bonuses.

DripDropz also creates an opportunity for token projects to distribute their tokens without needing to run a pool. The token projects can also choose their token distribution level, whether to distribute tokens to specific pool delegates or all delegates across the blockchain. This system allows token projects to attract new users onto their platform and acquire new consumers via wide token distribution.

The DripDropz platform utilizes its utility token, $drip, which has a maximum supply of 45 billion. The tokens are allocated entirely for DripDropz users and are distributed via the platform. The platform distributes $drip tokens at a flat rate, with each delegate receiving 1000 $drip tokens per withdrawal per epoch. These tokens, however, will not roll over when the Hydra back payment feature is implemented.

DripDropz also encourages wallet splitting to a degree, allowing delegates to acquire the most $drip tokens and maximize token rewards. Even with multiple transaction fees due to wallet splitting, delegates are encouraged to spread their delegation to community pools.

In terms of governance, DripDropz aims to become a truly self-governed Decentralized Autonomous Organization (DAO). DripDropz users will be able to vote on all future decisions related to the platform, starting with token onboarding. Holders of $drip tokens will vote on which token projects to add to the platform, and subsequently, on offboarding of tokens. Once the initial rounds are completed, the community can use $drip tokens to vote on all business matters pertaining to DripDropz. The platform will then transition from a Limited Liability Company to a Decentralized Autonomous Organization.

DripDropz also introduced the Coin Desirability Index (CDI), a measurement of a project's or token's desirability. The CDI measures the number of views or impressions versus withdrawal rate. This tool should mitigate the issue of spam tokens and, combined with phase 2 voting, allow users to remove undesirable tokens from the platform.

DripDropz offers solutions to technical difficulties, such as stuck transactions. Users experiencing such issues can manually push through any stuck transactions by contacting DripDropz. Furthermore, the platform allows anyone to distribute their token projects without charging any onboarding or distribution fees. DripDropz recognizes addresses with active stakes in a pool, which can be any pool on the Cardano blockchain. Users do not need to send Ada from the same address they are claiming tokens with, making the process more flexible.

The DripDropz platform operates on an epoch calendar. Each epoch, rewards reset and reload, and users need to visit the platform every five days to withdraw that epoch’s rewards. Though the platform does charge a fee, it aims to keep costs low by combining two or three standard transactions into one, thus lowering fees for everyone in the transaction and processing data more efficiently. This operational design aims to address the challenges of Cardano Stakepool default setups and the limitation of mempool sizes, contributing to the overall efficiency of the blockchain.

However, the Cardano blockchain's surge in demand has led to some challenges, including long delays in transaction completion and intense competition to get individual transactions on chain. Every transaction has an equal chance to arrive on the chain; it simply has to find its way to a mempool, get in line, and find a peer that will produce a block soon. To address this issue, DripDropz is working on the efficiency of its transaction handling, particularly focusing on optimizing its approach to two-part transactions.

In conclusion, DripDropz represents a significant innovation in the Cardano blockchain ecosystem. It offers benefits to delegates, community pools, and token projects while striving to improve the efficiency of transactions. By aiming to be a self-governed DAO and promoting wide token distribution, DripDropz is a pioneering platform in the digital currency world.

Additional information

Relevant Links:

Mercurychat.io

What is it?

Mercurychat is a wallet to wallet communication dapp that can be integrated into other apps or dapps.

Features:

As of 17th Nov, 2022, they support:

one-to-one chats (off-chain & on-chain/NFT messaging)
group chats (friends and family)
community chats (NFT gated and non-gated), categories & individual channels
can be integrated into any platform (APIs available)

User Guide:

Go to https://mercurychat.io/chat
Connect wallet (Supported wallets: Nami, Eternl, Flint, Typhon, Gero & NuFi)
Start new converstion (you need to enter public address), Browse Communities, or Create Community.

Start a new conversation/create group:

Click on 'Start new conversation'
Enter one or more public addresses/$handles
Click on 'Start chatting'

Browse & Join Communities:

Click on the 'search/magnifying glass' option on the side menu
Pick a community and start chatting (Note: You'd be able to join 'some' only if you have the specific NFT in the wallet )

Create Community:

Click on the 'add/plus sign' on the side menu
Name your community
Set up gating permissions based on: a. NFT Polocy ID b. Stakepool ID (wallets stked with the pool can join)
Create categories and channels in each category (similar to discord): Click on 'settings/gear' icon by the community name --> Name & Create category --> Click on 'settings/gear' icon by the category name --> Create Channel Note: Individual category/channel permissions are not yet available.

Profile Settings:

Click on the 'settings/gear' icon at the bottom the screen by your wallet address.
Click on the default profile pic and choose an NFT in your wallet as your profile pic.
Click on 'Select Handle'and choose a handle as your profile name.
Message Notifications (Email): Click on 'preferences' in the side menu and enter email adddress to get notofications (once per day) when you receive a message.

Integrating Mercurychat (into other platforms):

Things to Note:

Mercury Chat database is centralized at the moment. The team will look for solutions in the future
The team is very open to ideas and take community feedback. Needs to be seen if feedback is implemented.
The UX/UI is slightly rough (small typos & ease of use) since the team is focusing on building functionality at the moment
The team has kept the rodamap and timeline open for the time being
Personally I'd recommend the app for individuals and platforms as long as personal/sensitive information is not shared

Other Chains

Remote Work Tools

Coti

Exploring COTI

Author: Donald

Date: 18 Feb 2023

1. What is COTI?

The world of finance is witnessing an unprecedented transformation with the advent of the web3 revolution, and COTI is at the forefront of this movement. COTI, which stands for Currency of the Internet, is a revolutionary Layer-1 DAG-Based Blockchain Ecosystem^1^ that has been optimized for payments, with the aim of completely transforming the payment industry.

COTI's mission is centered around making payments faster, more secure, cheaper, and more personalized than ever before. What sets COTI apart from other blockchain ecosystems is its unique consensus mechanism, Proof of Trust (PoT)^2^, which replaces the traditional Proof of Work (PoW) or Proof of Stake (PoS) mechanisms. This innovative feature allows COTI to reduce costs and increase throughput, providing a more efficient and streamlined payment process.

COTI, despite being an independent blockchain ecosystem, has been designed with the capability to interact seamlessly with other blockchain networks. To this end, COTI has developed a cross-chain bridge solution that allows for the transfer of assets between COTI and other blockchains. The current implementation of this solution connects COTI with the Cardano blockchain, facilitating the exchange of assets between the two networks. For more on COTI Cardano Partnership click here.

The cross-chain bridge is just one example of COTI's partnerships with other leading blockchain networks and projects. By teaming up with projects such as Chainlink, Fantom, Simplex etc., COTI is expanding its ecosystem and paving the way for new use cases for its innovative technology. Check out for more information on COTI's Partnerships

These strategic partnerships have enabled COTI to establish itself as a key player in the blockchain space, and demonstrate its commitment to driving innovation and collaboration in the industry. With a strong focus on cutting-edge technology, creative solutions and collaborative approach, COTI is positioned to disrupt the traditional financial landscape and usher in a new era of digital finance.

2. How COTI Works?

Understanding the inner workings of COTI may seem like a daunting task for those new to the cryptocurrency scene. However, there are two crucial terms underlined in the previous section that are essential to comprehend in order to gain a deeper understanding of COTI.

The following section is designed specifically to further explain these concepts in order to fully comprehend the technicalities of COTI and the cryptocurrency market as a whole.

2.1. Layer-1 DAG-Based Blockchain Ecosystem

Layer-1 blockchain systems are considered to be the foundational layer of blockchain architecture. They are standalone blockchain systems that provide the infrastructure for processing and validating transactions. Bitcoin, the world's first cryptocurrency, is a prime example of a layer-1 blockchain system. Other examples include Ethereum, Litecoin, and Bitcoin Cash.

One of the key features that makes layer-1 blockchain systems so special is their ability to provide a decentralized and secure payment infrastructure without relying on intermediaries. This means that transactions can be conducted directly between individuals or organizations, without the need for a central authority or third party. This makes layer-1 blockchain systems particularly attractive for use cases that require trustless and transparent transactions.

Another advantage of layer-1 blockchain systems is their immutability. Once a transaction is recorded on a layer-1 blockchain, it cannot be altered or deleted. This ensures that all transactions are permanent and transparent, and cannot be manipulated or reversed.

However, the number of transactions that can be processed on a layer-1 blockchain system is limited by the block size, which can result in slow transaction times and high fees during times of network congestion.

To address this challange, the COTI team has employed a Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) which is a data structure that represents objects and their relationships in a one-way, non-repeating structure. In a DAG, each object is represented as a node, and each relationship between objects is represented as a directed (one-way) edge between nodes.

Traditional blockchain systems operate under a sequential model (diagram on the left) in which only one transaction can be processed at a time. Each new transaction is added to the queue and is only processed once the preceding transaction is completed.

On the other hand, the unique structure of DAG permits multiple transactions to be processed simultaneously in a parallel manner (diagram on the right), allowing for a more efficient and scalable approach to transaction validation.

The COTI team has adopted an innovative approach, enabling its users to participate in the original layer-1 blockchain system without any compromise on transaction speed. This unique strategy allows users to enjoy the full benefits of blockchain technology while still ensuring fast transaction processing times.

By implementing this approach, COTI is addressing one of the most significant challenges faced by blockchain systems - speed. The team has effectively created a system that strikes a balance between the advantages of a decentralized, trustless network and the speed of centralized systems. This has the potential to open up a range of exciting new possibilities for blockchain applications, such as secure and fast micropayments, that were previously unattainable due to slow transaction processing times.

2.2. Proof of Trust (PoT)

The DAG structure is built from transactions connected through time by harnessing trust-based algorithms to create a unique consensus-based confirmation mechanism called Proof of Trust (PoT).

COTI's Trustchain Algorithm uses Trust Scores to validate and confirm transactions faster, and it grows as new transactions attach to prior transactions with similar degrees of trust.

The Trust Scores are calculated using a unique machine-learning algorithm that takes into consideration the network participants' historical behavior data and objective information about them. The Trust Score Algorithm ensures optimal performance of the Trust Score-based Source Selection Algorithm. The recommended level of trust for a transaction is 1000, and transactions created by highly trusted network participants (i.e. TrustScore = 85) need at least 12 confirming transactions, while transactions from low trusted network participants (i.e. TrustScore = 12) need at least 84 confirming transactions in the chain.

The DAG-based distributed ledger technology, also known as the Cluster, reaches faster consensus when confirming transactions by using COTI's Trustchain Algorithm. Eventually, the Cluster will be able to validate and confirm hundreds of thousands of transactions per second. All accounts in the payment network have a Trust Score, which is changed according to a user's payment statistics and several event types. The Trust Score Nodes collect transaction and other statistics to continuously update participants' Trust Scores.

COTI's innovative approach allows for fast and efficient transaction processing, low fees, and network security without the need for traditional mining (such as the cas of PoW). Every user is incentivized to engage in trust-building behavior due to the benefits associated with having a high level of trust, such as faster confirmation times. COTI's unique combination of DAG-based technology and trust-based algorithms provides a secure and efficient network for various applications.

2.3. MultiDAG Layer

The COTI multiDAG layer consists of multiple interconnected DAGs, each of which is responsible for processing a different type of transaction. This design enables the platform to process various types of transactions efficiently, including payments, data transfers, and smart contract executions.

3. Use Cases of COTI

Until now I believe that it has been established that COTI (Currency of the Internet) provides fast, scalable, and secure payment solutions.

As already mentioned on the section above, COTI's multiDAG (Directed Acyclic Graph) layer is the backbone of the platform, enabling it to process various types of transactions quickly and efficiently. The multiDAG layer consists of multiple interconnected DAGs, each responsible for processing a different type of transaction, including payments, data transfers, and smart contract executions.

One of the most significant advantages of COTI is its ability to support microtransactions. Microtransactions are small transactions, typically less than a dollar, that are often used in gaming, digital content, and other online services. COTI's platform can process microtransactions quickly and cheaply, making it an ideal solution for businesses that rely on these types of transactions.

COTI also offers feeless transactions, which means that users do not need to pay transaction fees when using the platform. This feature is beneficial for businesses that process a high volume of transactions and want to save on fees. If you are asking yourself how do they prevent spam transactions take a look at this article.

Another key feature of COTI is its instant settlement capability. This means that transactions on the platform are settled immediately, without the need for confirmation from other nodes. Instant settlement enables businesses to receive payments quickly and efficiently, without the risk of chargebacks or delays. Trustchain enables COTI to process up to 100,000 transactions per second, making it one of the fastest. blockchain platforms on the market.

COTI's platform can also be used in the e-commerce industry, where instant settlement and feeless transactions are essential. The platform's technology can enable businesses to process payments quickly and efficiently, while also saving on transaction fees.

4. Partnership with Cardano

In May 2021 COTI and Cardano announced a partnership aiming to develop a new payment solution by leveraging the strengths of both platforms. The primary goal of the partnership was to create a bridge between the COTI and Cardano networks, enabling users to transact seamlessly between the two platforms.

The partnership between COTI and Cardano combines the unique strengths of both platforms. COTI offers fast and scalable payment processing, with cutting-edge features such as feeless transactions, instant settlement, and support for microtransactions. Meanwhile, Cardano provides a decentralized and secure infrastructure for building decentralized applications (dApps) using a proof-of-stake consensus mechanism. Cardano also offers advanced features like smart contracts and interoperability, enabling seamless integration with other platforms. Together, the partnership is positioned to create a new payment solution that will offer fast, secure, and scalable transactions, while also fueling the growth of digital assets and decentralized finance (DeFi) solutions.

Leveraging these strengths, the COTI Cardano partnership is expected to develop a new payment solution that will enable users to transact seamlessly between the two networks. COTI will leverage Cardano's scalability and interoperability features to expand its payment solutions, while Cardano will tap into COTI's innovative features like instant settlement and feeless transactions. The partnership's success is expected to accelerate the adoption of blockchain technology and drive the growth of the broader blockchain ecosystem, opening up new opportunities for businesses and individuals alike.

The partnership has already created a new stablecoin called DJED. It aims to be a stable and transparent digital asset that can be used for transactions within the COTI and Cardano ecosystems. For more on this topic, read my other article where I take a deep dive into DJED stablecoin.

All in all, the COTI Cardano partnership is a significant development in the blockchain industry, as it brings together two leading platforms to create a new payment solution. It is expected to enable fast, secure, and scalable transactions while also facilitating the adoption of digital assets and decentralized finance (DeFi) solutions. The success of the partnership could pave the way for future collaborations between blockchain-based platforms and help to drive the growth of the broader blockchain ecosystem.

5. COTI's Roadmap for 2023

Please find below a condensed version of COTI's roadmap Medium article. For a more comprehensive understanding of the roadmap, we recommend visiting the original article. Please note that some details may be excluded in this summary.

COTI has an exciting roadmap for 2023 with some significant improvements planned for its ecosystem. The platform has already launched the DJED stablecoin in early February, marking the first step on its ambitious roadmap. Moving forward, COTI plans to launch a new Treasury governance token called $gCOTI, followed by an upgrade to Treasury 2.0. COTI will also be fully implementing COTIPay Business, providing businesses with a comprehensive suite of payment solutions. The most significant milestone of the roadmap is upgrading the entire ecosystem to COTI v2, which promises to be the largest revamp since COTI's release in the mainnet in 2019. Lets take a brief look to these new features:

5.1. $gCOTI

$gCOTI, a Treasury governance token, will be launched with the aim of providing multiple benefits to loyal COTI community members and Treasury contributors. These benefits include governance participation, an APY booster, and participation in liquidation rewards. The $gCOTI token will be distributed at no cost to eligible community members, and the platform will release more details about the launch campaign soon.

5.2. Treasury 2.0

COTI's Treasury, which was launched in 2022, has been a massive success, attracting over 490 million $COTI tokens to date, accounting for more than 44% of COTI's circulating supply. COTI plans to further enhance the Treasury's capabilities with the introduction of Treasury 2.0, allowing for new tokens to be deposited and locked. To support sustainability and efficiently manage liquidity, COTI will introduce a new component to the Treasury ecosystem, the Treasury Reserve Fund, which will collect fees from all Treasury components and hold $COTI tokens. The Stability Pool will expand the Treasury's reach to other networks and incentivize Stability Providers with rewards in $gCOTI and $COTI tokens. $gCOTI holders will have the opportunity to participate in the liquidation process, benefiting from discounted $COTI. Finally, the Treasury will offer token swaps to users, adding more value to its participants and extending its reach to other network participants and token holders. These enhancements are poised to increase the value captured by the Treasury and open up new use cases for its participants.

5.3. COTI v2

COTI v2 is the next version of COTI, which will innovate on both the tech stack level and the use case level. The new version will be a Layer 1 that is compatible with multiple chains, offering smart contracts and a programming language that can expressively capture regulatory requirements. COTI aims to offer building blocks for those who wish to develop freely in a future that will most likely be regulated. To support its growth and usability, COTI has revisited its current emission schedule and adjusted it to include flexible and more attractive rewards to node operators over time. COTI v2 is expected to require new tokenomics that will support the growth and expansion of the new network. The team has pledged to release a comprehensive whitepaper within the year, providing in-depth information and details on the new developments.

6. Additional information

Relevant Links

Official COTI Website

Official COTI Twitter Account

Official COTI Medium Account

Official COTI Github Account

Official COTI YouTube Account

Disclaimer: The content is for informational purposes only, may include the author’s personal opinion, and does not necessarily reflect the opinion of littlefish Foundation. Most of the information covered in this article was obtained from COTI Technical Whitepaper and was analyzed independently.